Scoliosis: Curvature of the Spine
Scoliosis: Spinal Curvature
What is Scoliosis?
Scoliosis is a medical condition that affects the vertebrae of the spine, causing it to lose its normal vertical alignment and develop one or more curves due to the impact of body weight. Instead of being straight when viewed from the back, the spine appears curved to one side, leading to potential body deformities and, in some cases, other health issues.
Types of Scoliosis
Scoliosis is classified based on the direction of the spine’s curvature or the underlying cause:
- Based on the Curvature Direction:
- Right-Sided Scoliosis: The spine curves to the right.
- Left-Sided Scoliosis: The spine curves to the left.
- Mixed Scoliosis: Multiple curvatures occur (e.g., thoracic vertebrae curving in one direction and lumbar vertebrae in the opposite).
- Based on the Cause:
- Congenital Scoliosis: Arises from vertebral deformities present at birth.
- Infantile Scoliosis: Appears in children under 3 years old, often with no known cause.
- Adolescent Scoliosis: The most common type, typically occurring during rapid growth in adolescence.
- Secondary Scoliosis: Results from other medical conditions like muscle or nerve disorders.
Causes of Scoliosis
The exact cause of scoliosis remains unclear, but research points to genetic factors as a significant contributor. It is more common in females than males and is frequently observed in individuals with cerebral palsy or congenital spinal deformities. Other risk factors include obesity, poor posture, and improper sitting habits.
Clinical Presentation of Scoliosis
Most scoliosis cases are diagnosed during adolescence, except for severe deformities visible from an early age. Common symptoms include:
- Uneven shoulder blades or ribs.
- Visible curvature or a dip in the lower back.
- Protruding abdomen or hips.
- Unequal breast levels in females.
- Muscle tightness and stiffness on one side of the spine.
- Persistent fatigue, even with minimal physical effort.
- Impaired reflexes and sensory response in advanced cases.
Diagnosis involves clinical assessment and imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI, to measure the curvature angle and guide treatment plans.
Treatment Options for Scoliosis
- Mild Cases (Curvature <25°):
- Use of a brace to correct the curve.
- Severe Cases or Failed Conservative Treatment:
- Corrective surgery to realign the spine.
- Pain management with medications like ibuprofen or paracetamol.
- Weight loss and physical therapy to strengthen spinal muscles.
- General Treatments:
- Physical therapy exercises to enhance posture and flexibility.
- Orthotic devices like back braces to prevent further progression.
- Surgery involving screws, rods, or other techniques for severe cases.
Does Scoliosis Worsen with Age?
In most cases, scoliosis diagnosed in adolescence does not progress significantly in adulthood. However, scoliosis in older adults due to degenerative changes may require medical evaluation and treatment.
Dr. Al-Akkad’s Center for Scoliosis Treatment
Dr. Al-Akkad’s center specializes in scoliosis diagnosis and treatment, offering:
- Accurate imaging and assessment using advanced tools.
- Personalized treatment plans.
- Both conservative and surgical solutions.
- Post-treatment support and follow-up care.