Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) – Brain Battery
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) – Brain Battery
What is Deep Brain Stimulation?
Individuals may lose their ability to move and control movement due to damage in certain areas of the brain where specialized cells responsible for motor control are concentrated, or due to insufficient production of neurotransmitters essential for motor function. One of the most effective surgical methods to treat neurological disorders causing these impairments is the brain pacemaker device. This adjustable and controllable surgical technique is particularly effective for patients with essential tremor (uncontrolled tremors during voluntary movements), Parkinson’s disease, and dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions).
Table of Contents
- What Conditions Can It Treat?
- What Are Its Effects?
- How Is DBS Surgery Performed?
- Before the Surgery
- The Procedure
- Post-Surgery Care
- What Are the Risks of DBS Surgery?
- Does the Brain Battery Affect Daily Life?
- How Long Can the Brain Battery Be Used?
- Who Is Not Suitable for DBS?
- Is Infection a Risk After DBS Surgery?
- Can Patients with Pacemakers Undergo Radiology Imaging?
- Can Discharged Brain Batteries Be Reused?
- How Long Is Recovery After DBS Surgery?
- Does DBS Cure the Condition Completely?
What Conditions Can the Brain Battery Treat?
The brain pacemaker device helps reduce symptoms associated with several conditions, such as:
- Parkinson’s disease
- Epilepsy
- Essential tremor (tremors in specific parts of the body)
- Dystonia (muscle contractions)
- Tourette syndrome
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Severe depression
Research is also underway to explore its potential use in treating Alzheimer’s disease and obesity.
What Are the Effects of the Brain Battery?
After DBS surgery, patients often return to their daily lives quickly. It is especially life-changing for Parkinson’s patients and those with involuntary muscle contractions. Symptoms like tremors and excessive muscle contractions that impair movement are significantly reduced. While many patients decrease their medication dosage post-surgery, some may stop taking medication entirely.
Although DBS effectively alleviates symptoms, it does not cure neurological disorders. These conditions often result from irreversible brain damage. However, DBS helps reduce symptoms such as tremors, slow movements, and loss of motor control. For example, patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease can revert to earlier stages of the disease after DBS, enabling them to perform daily activities like buttoning a shirt, preparing food, or tying shoelaces independently.
How Is DBS Surgery Performed?
The goal of DBS is to deliver electrical stimulation to parts of the brain with reduced activity. This requires brain mapping using MRI or other imaging techniques. Electrodes are then placed in specific brain areas according to the map, and a thin wire delivers electrical impulses. The battery that generates the electrical impulses is implanted under the collarbone or in the chest cavity.
Before the Surgery
Patients undergo various tests to assess their overall health, including:
- MRI or CT scans to map the brain
- Blood and urine tests to evaluate general health
- Psychological assessments to ensure patients are mentally prepared
The Procedure
DBS surgery can be performed while the patient is awake or under anesthesia, depending on the patient’s condition and the surgeon’s preference. In awake surgeries, electrodes are inserted through a small hole in the skull, with patients experiencing no pain. The battery is implanted in the chest, usually under general anesthesia. The surgery takes 2 to 5 hours, depending on the patient.
Post-Surgery Care
Patients are monitored for the first 24 hours to address any complications. Mild headaches and dizziness are common but temporary. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, immediate medical attention is required. Although DBS is relatively low-risk, complications like infection, bleeding, nerve damage, or vision problems may occur.
What Are the Risks of DBS Surgery?
DBS surgeries carry lower risks compared to other brain surgeries. Research shows that severe complications occur in 2-3% of cases, while mild complications appear in 10% of patients. Possible risks include:
- Brain hemorrhage
- Wound complications
- Vision loss
- Electrode displacement
- Infection
- Communication disorders
FAQs
Does the Brain Battery Affect Daily Life?
No, patients with a brain battery can live normally and engage in physical activities like exercise, swimming, and sports. However, they should avoid dangerous activities and driving to prevent head injuries.
How Long Can the Brain Battery Be Used?
The battery lifespan varies depending on the condition being treated. In general, batteries last 3-5 years for Parkinson’s patients. Rechargeable batteries can last up to 15 years.
Who Is Not Suitable for DBS?
Patients in the early stages of Parkinson’s who respond well to medication are not ideal candidates, especially within the first five years. DBS is also not recommended for individuals with moderate to severe dementia, severe depression, or those unfit for anesthesia.
Is Infection a Risk After DBS Surgery?
Infections occur in about 3% of cases, typically around the chest area where the battery is implanted.
Can Patients with Pacemakers Undergo Radiology Imaging?
Yes, MRI, CT, and X-ray scans are safe. However, MRI scans of the body are not recommended.
Can Discharged Brain Batteries Be Reused?
Rechargeable batteries can be recharged even after they have been discharged, depending on the model.
How Long Is Recovery After DBS Surgery?
Recovery takes about one month, including the initial observation period and suture removal within 10-14 days. If complications arise, recovery may take longer.
Does DBS Cure the Condition Completely?
No, DBS alleviates symptoms but does not cure neurological disorders. Symptoms such as tremors reappear if the battery is turned off. However, it significantly improves patients’ quality of life, especially those with Parkinson’s and dystonia.