Steps of Liver Transplant Surgery and How Long a Patient Can Live After a Liver Transplant

“In my experience with a liver transplant, I was diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The doctors told me that I wouldn’t survive long enough to reach my turn on the deceased donor waiting list, so I informed my son, who was working in a distant area, and he traveled immediately.”
“We underwent the required tests as part of the liver transplant process, and no issues appeared. We proceeded with the surgery, and now I live with my son in good health — both of us recovered well from the surgery.”
Liver Transplant
The liver has a unique and highly beneficial feature in transplantation — its remarkable ability to regenerate. A healthy person can donate part of their liver, and that part will regrow, while the transplanted portion also regenerates inside the patient’s body.
The liver performs vital, irreplaceable functions, making a transplant essential in certain cases. Its main functions include:
- Playing a key role in digesting and storing nutrients.
- Producing bile necessary for fat absorption.
- Synthesizing essential proteins that enable blood clotting and stop bleeding.
- Protecting against bacteria and regulating immune system functions.
Steps of a Liver Transplant
Organ transplantation is an extremely delicate procedure, involving strict steps before, during, and after surgery.
Donation Options
There are two donor types: deceased donor and living donor.
- Deceased donor: An individual who consents during their lifetime (via a donor card). After death, the liver is allocated to a patient on the waiting list. However, some countries do not permit post-mortem donation.
- Living donor: The patient brings a family member willing to donate part of their liver. Tests are conducted to confirm donor health and compatibility, ensuring minimal risk of rejection and complications.
Surgical Steps
- An incision is made in the patient’s abdomen, and the abdominal cavity is checked to rule out contraindications (e.g., tumors, infections).
- The liver’s blood vessels are clamped.
- The diseased liver is removed.
- The new liver is implanted and connected to the patient’s blood vessels, ensuring proper blood flow.
- The incision is closed after verifying no bleeding.
Duration: The surgery typically lasts 6 to 12 hours.
Life After Liver Transplant
The transplant process does not end with surgery; post-operative care is critical.
Since the immune system attacks foreign bodies, immunosuppressive drugs must be taken long-term, such as:
- Corticosteroids
- Cyclosporine
- Mycophenolic acid
- Daclizumab
Complications
During/after surgery:
- Bleeding
- Wound infection
- Hepatic artery thrombosis
- Biliary complications (leaks, blockages)
- Graft rejection
- Seizures
Side effects of immunosuppressants:
- Weight gain
- Osteoporosis
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Frequent infections
- Headaches, nausea, vomiting
Indications for Liver Transplant
Patients typically require a transplant due to chronic liver failure, often caused by:
- Hepatitis B or C
- Alcohol-related liver disease
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (linked to obesity)
- Genetic diseases (e.g., Hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease)
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- Acute liver failure (e.g., overdose of certain medications)
Contraindications
Not suitable for patients with:
- Severe heart or lung disease (e.g., pulmonary hypertension)
- Cancer outside the liver
- Alcohol or drug addiction
- Sepsis
- Brain death
- HIV/AIDS
Survival Rates After Liver Transplant
Because of its complexity, liver transplants have slightly lower success rates than kidney transplants:
- 89% survive the first year
- 75% survive five years
Cost of Liver Transplant in Turkey
Turkey provides liver transplants at a fraction of Western costs, with advanced hospitals and skilled surgeons.
- USA: up to $500,000
- Turkey: $70,000 – $80,000
Choosing the Right Hospital
When selecting a hospital, ask:
- How many liver transplants are performed annually?
- What are the hospital’s success rates?
- What are the total costs (including stay and follow-up)?
- Does the hospital use the latest international surgical techniques?
Liver Transplant in Turkey – Key Advantages
- Advanced technology (laparoscopic and robotic techniques)
- Experienced surgeons with high success rates
- Comprehensive care (pre-op, surgery, and post-op)
- Affordable costs compared to Western countries
Estimated cost: $25,000 – $50,000 depending on the hospital and surgeon.