Neurosurgery and spine surgery
One of the most important modern medical disciplines whose practice requires experienced and highly qualified specialists is neurosurgery and spine surgery. Due to the high specificity of these surgeries, they require vocational training and more years of specialization than any other medical specialty. The neurosurgeon treats diseases related to the nervous system of the human body. Among the conditions that the neurosurgeon treats:
Brain tumors
Spinal cord tumors
Head, brain, spine and spinal cord injuries
Cervical disc herniation
Clogging of the cerebral vessels (strokes)
Aneurysm, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral edema, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, deep brain excitation, and many other diseases.
Neurosurgery: the doctor who specializes in such surgeries must have much more experience, and competence. In all these cases, the room for performing these types of operations also must be equipped with the latest machinery, technological devices, and modern medical equipment.
Brain tumors:
Brain tumors occur through multiplication and growth of abnormal cells inside the brain. Any growth or expansion of these cells inside the brain is called a brain tumor. With the increase and multiplication of these cells in the skull, the pressure inside increases. Not all brain tumors are malignant (cancerous), in some cases, the brain tumor may be benign. If the tumor is of the malignant type, it enters the brain tissue and causes damage to it, and may cause other diseases within the rest of the body. Benign tumors can be removed by surgery or radiation.
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Spinal cord tumors:
Spinal cord is a long cylinder consists of nerves. It extends from the brain over the spine. Tumors that occur in the spinal cord or the surrounding area are called spinal cord tumors. These tumors require surgical procedures to be removed, as surgery is one of the most successful methods in the treatment of spinal cord tumors. Spinal cord tumors as well as brain tumors are not necessarily to be malignant (i.e. carcinogenic). They may be of the benign type that does not regrow after removal, and does not cause tissue damage, too.
Cervical disc herniation:
Cervical disc herniation is a type of different herniations that occur as a result of the erosion and loss of disk functions that separate the cervical vertebrae, causing neck pain to the patient. These discs separate the vertebrae to help in and secure movement properly and without pain. Painkillers are considered one of the most important medications that the patient uses to reduce such type of pain. Medications can be used to treat these conditions. Physical therapy may also be another method for its treatment. In case of failure of non-surgical methods, surgery is required for such cases. The neurosurgeon works to remove the eroded discs that cause pain. These discs may be replaced by artificial metal disks. In some cases, small bone fragments are implanted, then, they will be merged into the vertebrae.
As for the inter-vertebral disc herniation, it is an erosion of the discs between the vertebrae, and this will cause pain in the upper and the lower back. Determining the area of pain is important for treatment of such cases, especially if the treatment won’t be surgical. In many cases, hernias (disc or herniated disc) can be treated without resorting to surgery. The main determinants in choosing an appropriate treatment method are, the proper diagnosis, the extent and strength of pain, and the possible complications that result from such conditions.
Blockages of the cerebral vessels (strokes):
Brain cells are supplied by nutrition and oxygen by blood reaching them through the blood vessels. Sometimes, one or more of the blood vessels in the brain may become blocked. When the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, a stroke occurs. When there is a thrombus inside the blood vessel, the blood will not be able to reach the brain. Treatment of such obstruction can be done either with medication (usually IV or oral anti-coagulant medications are used), or surgery (where the surgeon removes this clot surgically). Treatment may be done through various applications to open the vessel lumen, and in some cases, the patient may need rehabilitation and physical therapy. In all cases, it is necessary to know which of the blood vessels is where the clot occurred, the cause of the clot, and other things, so that, the doctor can determine the type of appropriate treatment procedure.
